Dear All:
My wife, who teaches Math, and I talk about this subject quite frequently, but I must admit that general illiteracy and common garden variety ignorance of just about everything among "the Many" ( as John Fowles, adapting Plato, calls them . . .) is not in the forefront of my worry, as it once was. That isn't because I'm not worried any more about the all-pervasive phenomenon, but because I'm older, and as an 87-year-old psychiatrist friend of mine says: "Now that I'm older, I'm forced to choose where to direct my attention more than I was . . ."
Personally, I began to see a serious decline around 1980 ( I taught from 1968-2000) among American college students in general knowledge. The problem of illiteracy and the pride evidently taken in that state is a separate matter on which I'll comment in a moment.
E.D. Hirsch's book on "cultural literacy", a term he fished from a pond of pleonasms (since culture and literacy have almost always been assumed to be interdependent) made a splash when it came out. The "general public" expressed concern over the fact that kids were graduating from school but knew very little about history, geography, literature and important scientific and cultural developments over time -- again, read "History." The depth of ignorance about the history of art, for example, even among those who practice painting, sculpture and architecture ( among other arts) is vast indeed. Most will be hard pressed to name one American sculptor, poet, or dancer. Unless television has recently aired some sort of program on the artist ( usually about a record price paid for one of their works at auction), he or she remains unknown.
Here's a brief comment, coherent and clear, by an Amazon.com reviewer:
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Reviewer: Chris Worden (Indianapolis, IN USA) - See all my reviews
This book ( Hirsch's) is an excellent resource, although because of the number of references, it cannot go into depth on many. But if you are looking for a general understanding of a concept, person, or phrase ingrained in American culture, you will find it here.
I fear that many critics of this book chastise it for its failure to include persons or events near and dear to their hearts. While I am sympathetic to that concern, the reader must understand that this book is akin to a popularity contest of culture, with the most commonly used/understood concepts rising to the top. This is actually a good thing, although it seems shallow at first blush.
As the authors note, the ability to communicate/read well stems from shared understanding. This book succeeds by providing what, at a minimum, should be known by someone because most literate Americans also know it. The authors, in fact, do not suggest we educate ourselves only within the confines of this book, or take its ideas as intrinsically more valuable. Rather, they say only that this is where we must start.
If my friends from abroad asked me what single best reference would prepare them to interact intelligently in America, this would be it.
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Here's the link to Hirsch's book:
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/custom ... e&n=283155
The crucial phrase Worden uses here is " . . .the ability to communicate/read well stems from shared understanding . . ."
This carries with it the necessity to know many things in some detail about which we are not centrally concerned. This used to be called general knowledge, or its undertaking "liberal education"
( i.e., education which frees through informing).
I used to emphasize in my classes that knowing nothing makes you vulnerable, and that having a specialist's knowledge of one thing: automobile engines, vacuum cleaners, tv sets, etc. doesn't genuinely "free' you. It used to be assumed that the "freeing" was necessary for independent thought, and that, in a participatory democracy, knowing something about a wide range of topics, including social, cultural and linguistic history, politics, war, nationalism, military aggression, international intervention in other countries, etc. would make you a better informed voter.
As early as the opening of the eighties, luring my students into semi-relaxed discussion informed me that they didn't vote and didn't think voting was important to their lives or their future. They refused to become impassioned over anything political, feeling it was "uncool" to do so.
They enjoyed the illusion that they were making all their own decisions, and yet they were so saturated and conditioned by corporate advertising they tended to purchase the same clothing, almost universally, featuring the same set of corporate logos.
Wearing a hundred-dollar jacket emblazoned with the name RAIDERS in black and silver meant becoming a living advertisement for a very large, impersonal corporate product, I urged them to consider. The RAIDERS jacket was universally popular at that time.
But the crafters of the psycho-strategy of product loyalty and consumer "bonding" to brand names were way ahead of them.
I have become a little diverted from the main topic here.
But I think the observation in that last paragraph is important. Now there is a worry about corporate infringement on the freedom of the Internet:
http://www.cdt.org/gilc/report.html
If A T and T and other large communication corporations have their way, the "new frontier" of communication, The Internet, shall become subject to their machinations, whims and manipulation:
( here is an e-mail I received from a friend, forwarded from MoveOn)
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May 2, 2006 5:01 PM
Subject: Save the Internet
Body: ----------------- Bulletin Message -----------------
From: Friends of MoveOn
Date: May 2, 2006 9:51 AM
Do you buy books online, use Google, or download to an iPod? Everything we do online will be hurt if Congress passes a radical law next week that gives giant corporations more control over what we do and see on the Internet.
Internet providers like AT&T are lobbying Congress hard to gut Network Neutralitythe Internet's First Amendment and the key to Internet freedom. Net Neutrality prevents AT&T from choosing which websites open most easily for you based on which site pays AT&T more. BarnesandNoble.com doesn't have to outbid Amazon for the right to work properly on your computer.
If Net Neutrality is gutted, almost every popular sitefrom Google to eBay to iTunesmust either pay protection money to Internet companies like AT&T or risk having their websites process slowly. That why these high-tech pioneers and others are opposing Congress' effort to gut Internet freedom.
You can do your part todaycan you sign this petition telling your member of Congress to preserve Internet freedom? Click here:
http://www.civic.moveon.org/save_the_in ... NS3jUg&t=4
I signed this petition, along with 250,000 others so far. This petiton will be delivered to Congress before the House of Representatives votes next week. When you sign, you'll be kept informed of the next steps we can take to keep the heat on Congress.
Snopes.com, which monitors various causes that circulate on the Internet, explained:
Simply put, network neutrality means that no web site's traffic has precedence over any other's...Whether a user searches for recipes using Google, reads an article on snopes.com, or looks at a friend's MySpace profile, all of that data is treated equally and delivered from the originating web site to the user's web browser with the same priority. In recent months, however, some of the telephone and cable companies that control the telecommunications networks over which Internet data flows have floated the idea of creating the electronic equivalent of a paid carpool lane.
If companies like AT&T have their way, Web sites ranging from Google to eBay to iTunes either pay protection money to get into the "fast lane" or risk opening slowly on your computer. We can't let the Internetthis incredible medium which has been such a revolutionary force for democratic participation, economic innovation, and free speechbecome captive to large corporations.
Politicians don't think we are paying attention to this issue. Together, we do care about preserving the free and open Internet.
Please sign this petition letting your member of Congress know you support preserving Internet freedom. Click here:
http://www.civic.moveon.org/save_the_in ... NS3jUg&t=5
Thanks.
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Will this attempt to create a higher level of awareness that corporations and their advertising permeate all aspects of most people's lives succeed?
I hope that the somnolent "Many" who elected ( I suppose) and then re-elected ( I suppose) George W. Bush and his administration, as BUSHKO plummets in the esteem of many Americans, will educate themselves about such matters.
Halliburton is not the ideal arbiter of fairness and justice.
But in terms of "business", many Americans are smarter than they are about history. Those with gas-guzzling SUVs and large vans are currently re-thinking those vehicle purchases.
My wife, who seems always away from or ahead of "the curve" bought a hybrid vehicle a few months ago and happily zips along at 45-miles-per gallon on average.
But as a teacher, she's appalled at how her students seem ignorant of just about everything, and not only that, but proud of it.
It isn't just young people, who have a hell of a time in this society.
I never blamed my students, since most people lack the hardihood to do what Pound recommended ( DOWN, E. Dog-- there's a good boy!) and "insist" on knowing.
Management personnel ( I refuse to call them "administrators", for they do not administer) of educational institutions are themselves deeply penetrated by cooperate advertising and trends.
So what if Edward Kennedy's new book is limp-organed, as many say it is? Don't give up on your own education. The Demos are not going to save us. You have to do it by learning something.
Insist on knowing.
I am humbled by my abysmal ignorance every day, and I'm running a race with the gravedigger ( I'll soon be 61) to try and learn a little something before my brief visit to this planet ends.
I came from poor white trash who lived in a trailer house and didn't know Dante from griddle grease. You can do it if I can.
Won't you join me?
Zlatko